Balinese culture, where vibrant traditions, mouth-watering cuisine, and mesmerizing artistry come together to form one of the most unique cultural wonders of the world.
Nestled in the heart of Indonesia, Bali is a land of lush landscapes, ancient temples, and warm hospitality, where the rhythm of daily life is infused with spiritual beliefs and time-honored customs.
The fragrant offerings of the Canang Sari will no doubt captivate your senses as you walk through Ubud. Balinese culture is where beauty and spirituality intertwine in every aspect of life.
So what are you waiting for? This article will help you appreciate Bali as you step into a world of wonder that will leave you absolutely spellbound.
Cultural Concepts in Bali
Tri Hita Karana
Tri Hita Karana is a Balinese Hindu philosophy that emphasizes the importance of maintaining harmony and balance between humans, nature, and the divine.
The phrase Tri Hita Karana comes from three Sanskrit words:
Tri – which means “three.”
Hita – which means “prosperity.”
Karana – which means “means.”
Together, these words translate to “three ways to reach a state of prosperity and happiness.”
The three elements of Tri Hita Karana are:
Parahyangan (Harmony with God) – The importance of maintaining a harmonious relationship with the gods and goddesses through offerings, prayers, and rituals.
Pawongan (Harmony with People) – The importance of maintaining harmonious relationships with other people in the community. It is similar to the Gotong Royong concept also found in Malaysian culture.
Palemahan (Harmony with Nature) – The importance of maintaining a harmonious relationship with the natural environment. This includes practicing sustainable agriculture, protecting the environment, and respecting animals and plants.
Desa-Kala-Patra
Desa-Kala-Patra emphasizes the interconnectedness of time, space, and circumstance in shaping human experiences.
The phrase Desa, Kala, Patra is also made up of three Sanskrit words:
Desa (Place) – refers to the physical environment in which human lives are situated. It encompasses the natural and built environment including landscapes and infrastructure.
Kala (Time) – refers to the temporal dimension of human experience. It encompasses the past, present, and future, as well as the cyclical nature of time, such as the changing seasons and the recurring cycles of life and death.
Patra (Circumstance) – refers to the social and cultural context in which human lives are situated. It encompasses the customs, beliefs, values, and social structures that shape human interactions and experiences.
Desa-Kala-Patra encourages one to be mindful of these factors when making decisions and navigating their lives.
Sekala-Niskala
Sekala-Niskala refers to the interconnectedness of the visible (Sekala) and invisible (Niskala) worlds.
This Balinese concept conveys the idea that there are both visible and invisible aspects to reality, and that these aspects are interconnected and interdependent.
According to Balinese beliefs, the visible world is believed to be influenced and shaped by the invisible world. This means that spiritual forces and energies can have a real and tangible impact on the physical world, and that actions and events in the physical world can have spiritual significance and consequences.
Taksu
Taksu pertains to a spiritual energy that is believed to inspire creativity and excellence in the arts. The word Taksu comes from the Balinese language and has no direct equivalent in English.
Taksu is believed to be a divine energy or spark that is present in all individuals, but which can be amplified or diminished depending on various factors such as spiritual practice, dedication, and talent.
It is often associated with the arts, particularly dance, music, and painting, and is believed to be a key ingredient in producing works of exceptional quality and beauty.
According to Balinese beliefs, Taksu is not something that can be acquired or possessed through external means, but rather is an inner quality that is cultivated through spiritual practice and dedication. It is often associated with the concept of “flow,” or the state of being fully immersed in a creative activity and experiencing a sense of effortless concentration and inspiration.
Rwa Bhineda
Rwa means “dual” while Bhineda means “opposite.” Rwa Bhineda is basically the dualistic nature of reality and the importance of maintaining balance between the two opposing forces to maintain a state of equilibrium and well-being.
It is similar to the Taoist concept of Yin and Yang, or the idea that opposing forces are interconnected and interdependent.
What is the Religion in Bali?
The predominant religion in Bali is Balinese Hinduism, which is a unique form of Hinduism that has been shaped by the island’s history, culture, and geography.
Balinese Hinduism is a syncretic blend of Hinduism, Buddhism, and indigenous animist beliefs, and is characterized by a strong emphasis on ritual and devotion. It is centered around the worship of a complex pantheon of gods and goddesses, who are believed to inhabit the spiritual world and influence human affairs. The most important of these deities is Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa or Acintya, who is equivalent to the metaphysical concept of Brahman in Hinduism.
Acintya is considered to be the ultimate source of all existence, and is believed to be beyond all dualities. It is often described as the ultimate unity that underlies all diversity, and is associated with the idea of ultimate reality, truth, consciousness, and bliss.
What are the Traditions in Bali?
Offerings
Balinese Hindus make daily offerings to the gods and spirits as a way of expressing gratitude and seeking blessings. These offerings such as the aforementioned Canang Sari which is made from woven palm leaves and filled with flowers, rice, and other sacred objects.
Meditation and Yoga
Meditation and yoga are common spiritual practices in Bali, and are often used as a way of cultivating inner peace and spiritual awareness. Plenty of people go to Bali to participate in meditation or yoga retreats.
Pilgrimage
Pilgrimage in Balinese Hinduism is often seen as a way of seeking spiritual purification and blessings, as well as a way of honoring the gods and ancestors. Pilgrims may undertake a variety of practices, such as fasting, meditation, and prayer, as a way of preparing themselves for the journey and connecting with the spiritual power of the site.
In Balinese Hinduism, there are many important pilgrimage sites, including temples, sacred mountains, and other natural sites that are believed to be imbued with spiritual power. One such site is Tirta Empul and from our experience, there were plenty of pilgrims all over the island who journeyed far to bathe in its holy waters.
Traditional & Spiritual Healing
Balinese traditional medicine emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between the body, mind, and spirit, and recognizes the interconnectedness of all aspects of human experience. Balinese traditional medicine incorporates a wide range of therapies and practices, including herbal remedies, and other holistic therapies such as Balinese massage which for the record is amazing to get in Gili Trawangan while facing the beach.
Balinese culture is also rich in spiritual healing practices, which are deeply rooted in Hindu and Buddhist traditions. These practices include various forms of energy healing, such as reiki, chakra, and prana healing.
It also incorporates the use of Hindu and Buddhist Sanskrit mantras. Balinese culture has been heavily influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism, which were introduced to the island centuries ago, and many Balinese people practice a blend of Hinduism and Buddhism known as “Hindu-Buddhism.”
Balinese spiritual healing is often performed by traditional healers, known as balians, who are respected members of the community and are believed to possess special spiritual gifts.
Environmental Stewardship
Balinese Hindus believe that the natural world is imbued with spiritual significance and that it is their responsibility to protect and preserve the environment for future generations.
Balinese culture is known for its intricate art and crafts, many of which are inspired by nature and are made using sustainable materials and techniques. Balinese artists and craftspeople often incorporate natural objects, such as bamboo, wood, and stone, into their work, and are known for their skill in creating beautiful and functional objects that harmonize with the natural world.
Balinese environmental stewardship also extends to sustainable agriculture and resource management practices. Balinese farmers use traditional techniques, such as terracing and crop rotation, to conserve soil and water resources, and to ensure the long-term sustainability of their farms.
Balinese communities also have a long history of managing water resources through the construction of irrigation systems and the maintenance of rice paddies.
Balinese Traditional Dance
Balinese traditional dance is a rich and vibrant art form that is often performed as part of religious ceremonies and festivals, and is seen as a way of expressing devotion and connecting with the divine.
Balinese dance is characterized by its intricate movements, colorful costumes, and use of music and storytelling to convey spiritual and cultural themes.
The most well-known forms of Balinese dance is the Legong, which is performed by young girls and is characterized by its graceful movements and intricate hand gestures.
Another on is called the Barong dance, which tells the story of a mythical creature that protects the village from evil spirits, and the Kecak, based on the Hindu epic Ramayana, which is performed by a large group of men who chant and move in unison to create a hypnotic and powerful performance.
There is also a similar dance from Thai culture known as the Khon dance which depicts scenes from the Ramakien, a Thai adaptation of the Ramayana.
Balinese Traditional Music
Balinese music is characterized by its intricate rhythms, complex melodies, and use of traditional instruments, such as the gamelan and the jegog.
The gamelan is a traditional Balinese ensemble that typically includes a variety of percussion instruments, such as gongs, metallophones, and drums. The gamelan is often used in religious ceremonies and festivals, and is seen as a way of connecting with the divine and expressing devotion.
The jegog is another traditional Balinese instrument, which is a type of bamboo xylophone that is played by a group of musicians. The jegog is known for its deep and powerful sound, and is often used in performances that are meant to evoke a sense of strength and power.
There are many other traditional Balinese instruments, including the suling (a type of bamboo flute), the kendang (a type of drum), and the kecapi (a type of stringed instrument). Balinese music is often performed in ensembles, with multiple instruments playing together to create complex and dynamic compositions.
What to Eat in Bali
Balinese cuisine is diverse and flavorful, and is characterized by its use of fresh ingredients, aromatic spices, and traditional cooking techniques. Some of the most popular Balinese dishes include:
Nasi Goreng: Fried rice with vegetables, egg, and spices. Sounds simple but it’s absolutely delightful, this is Indonesia’s national dish!
Babi Guling: Spit-roasted pig stuffed with spices and served with rice, vegetables, and a spicy sauce.
Sate: Grilled skewered meat (usually chicken or pork) served with a peanut sauce.
Lawar: A traditional Balinese salad made with shredded coconut, vegetables, and spices.
Bebek Betutu: Steamed or roasted duck stuffed with spices and served with rice and vegetables. Gado-Gado – A salad made with mixed vegetables, tofu, tempeh, and a peanut sauce.
Soto Ayam: A chicken soup made with lemongrass, turmeric, and other aromatic spices.
Nasi Campur: A mixed plate of rice, vegetables, meat, and other dishes.
Pisang Goreng: Fried bananas served with a sweet syrup.
Bubur Injin: A sweet black rice pudding served with coconut milk and palm sugar.
What is Balinese Language like?
Balinese language is a member of the Austronesian language family, which is spoken by around 4 million people in Bali and other parts of Indonesia. Balinese language is closely related to Javanese and Sundanese, which are also spoken in Indonesia. Balinese language is characterized by its use of complex grammar and vocabulary, and is known for its intricate system of honorifics and social registers.
Balinese language also features a unique writing system, known as the Balinese script, which is used to write Balinese and other languages in the region.
Useful Balinese Phrases for Travel
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Balinese
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English
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Om Suastiastu
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Hello
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Selamat pagi
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Good morning
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Selamat siang
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Good afternoon
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Selamat sore
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Good evening
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Selamat malam
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Good night
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Suksma
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Thank you
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Matur suksma
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You're welcome
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Iya
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Yes
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Tidak
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No
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Permisi
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Excuse me
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Maaf
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I'm sorry
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Apakah kamu bisa berbicara bahasa Inggris?
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Do you speak English?
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Saya tidak mengerti
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I don't understand
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Traditional Festivals in Bali
Galungan and Kuningan
This festival celebrates the victory of good over evil and is celebrated every 210 days. It is a time of prayer, offerings, and feasting, and is marked by the decoration of bamboo poles with offerings and colorful fabrics. It is celebrated throughout Bali, with each village and community having their own unique celebrations.
Nyepi
Nyepi is the Balinese New Year, and is celebrated on the day after the new moon of the Balinese lunar calendar. The day is is celebrated through silence and self-reflection. On this day, people are encouraged to stay inside and refrain from using electricity or other modern conveniences.
Saraswati Day
This festival is also celebrated every 210 days. It celebrates the goddess of knowledge, Saraswati, and is marked by offerings of books and other educational materials. It is a time for students to pray for success and wisdom in their studies.
In case you are wondering why every 210 days, the Balinese calendar is a complex system that is based on a combination of lunar and solar cycles, with each cycle lasting for 210 days. This system is known as the Pawukon calendar, and is unique to Bali. The Pawukon calendar is divided into 10 different weeks, with each week having a different name and associated with a different aspect of life, such as work, rest, or ceremony.
The 210-day cycle is believed to represent the balance of the universe, with each day and week having its own unique energy and significance.
Tumpek Landep
This festival, again after every 210 days, celebrates the god of iron and is marked by offerings of iron tools and other metal objects. It is a time to pray for protection and blessings for metalworkers and others who work with metal.
Pagerwesi
Pagerwesi is a festival that celebrates the strength of the mind and is marked by offerings and prayers for mental fortitude. It is a time to reflect on the importance of spiritual and mental strength in facing life’s challenges and you guessed it, it’s celebrated after every 210 days so it will be different every year.
Customs in Bali
- Respect for elders is very important
- It is customary to dress modestly, especially when visiting temples or other sacred sites. You will often be asked to wear a sarong whether you are a man or woman when entering sacred places.
- It is customary to remove shoes before entering temples or homes in Bali
- The left hand is considered impure, and it is customary to use the right hand for eating and giving. This is especially important when offering or receiving items, such as food or money.
- In Balinese culture, the feet are considered impure, and it is considered disrespectful to point with them or touch others with them.
- The head is considered sacred, and it is considered disrespectful to touch or pat someone’s head, even for children!
- When visiting temples or other sacred sites, it is important not to step over offerings or sit higher than them. This is a sign of disrespect and is considered inappropriate.
Plan Your Trip to Bali | Best Travel Resources
Book Your Accommodations
- Booking.com – the world’s leading online booking platform for accomodations around the world, they have an extensive amount of available listings with zero booking fees and best price guarantees.
- Hostelworld – a backpacker’s best friend, Hostelworld has the largest collection of hostels and guesthouses for affordable prices.
Don’t Forget Insurance
- SafetyWing – from Nomad Insurance, an insurance by nomads for nomads. They understand our lifestyle well and have really comprehensive and flexible plans that cater to any traveler.
Find Cheap Flights
- Kiwi.com – my go-to for booking and finding the cheapest flights and it’s helped me save tons of money. They do virtual interlining which is connecting flights from airlines that do not codeshare, so you can find routes that you wouldn’t be able to find normally.
Join Tours & Activities
- GetYourGuide – is one of the best places to find unique tours and activities. I found that it’s an excellent way to meet fellow travelers and create fond memories. They are not only limited to tours as they also offer niche services such as skip-the-line tickets or private transfers.
Catch a Ride
- Rentalcars.com – nothing beats the freedom of the road, Rentalcars.com is the world’s largest online car rental service. They operate across 160 countries so they’re the perfect partner to work with if you find yourself wanting a ride.
